This paper by Yohannes GebreMichael & Ann Waters-Bayer (2007) examines the policies and practices of the Ethiopian and Tigray Governments in response to environmental issues in the framework of development, and compare these with endogenous efforts to address these same issues. It highlights the differences in perception between the different stakeholders. Divergent perceptions can lead to misunderstandings, miscommunication and disregard of the priorities and insights of key stakeholders, in this case, of those who live directly on and from the land. The paper presents some good local practices in environmental management, and extracts lessons that could guide environmental policy and its application in Tigray Region. It was based on a study in 2006 commissioned by Irish Aid to explore how environmental issues are being addressed through local development processes in the region.